Chapter 5 - Stakeholder Coordination

Chapter 2 - Project Origination and Planning

Project origination and planning is the first step in DelDOT’s project development process. Project origination refers to the creation of the project, including initial development and conceptualization of a transportation project. It involves the identification of transportation needs and deficiencies, assessment of alternatives, and the initiation of a project planning process. Project origination typically includes activities such as conducting feasibility studies, evaluating potential impacts, determining project scope, and identifying potential funding sources. It is the starting point for formally defining and advancing a transportation project from an initial idea to a well-defined concept that can be further developed and eventually implemented.

Transportation project planning and programming is regulated at a federal-level and conducted through regional, state, and local-scale to ensure implementation of a process and improvements that consider the needs and desires of the end users. Understanding a project’s origination and purpose and need is crucial to ensure the development of contextually sensitive solutions that effectively address the underlying transportation deficiency. This chapter describes the mechanisms, processes, and associated standards that are used to plan, prioritize, and program projects within the State of Delaware.

2.1 Planning Standards

To be eligible to receive federal funds, a state department of transportation (DOT) is required to carry out a continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive performance-based statewide multimodal transportation planning process in accordance with 23 CFR 450. DelDOT’s Division of Planning is charged with overseeing and coordinating with necessary stakeholders both internal and external to DelDOT to maintain a federally compliant statewide planning process that considers the factors described in 23 U.S.C. 135(d)(1) and 23 CFR 450.206(a). This section of the manual serves to summarize several key aspects of a compliant planning process.

2.1.1 Contributing Organizations

DelDOT is charged with overseeing the entire statewide transportation planning process and for producing the deliverables that are described in Section 2.1.2. Continuous collaboration and coordination are required throughout the planning process to ensure effective constituent involvement. The regulatory requirements of the collaboration required in the planning process is explicitly defined in 23 CFR 450.208. This subsection identifies and further describes the role of organizations that are directly involved in DelDOT’s planning process.

2.1.1.1 Metropolitan Planning Organizations

A Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is a regional agency responsible for transportation planning in metropolitan areas with populations over 50,000, as determined by the United States Census. MPOs are required for urbanized areas to ensure a coordinated and comprehensive approach to transportation planning and decision-making. Accordingly, MPOs play an instrumental role in the planning process.

MPOs have a governing board composed of representatives from local governments, transit agencies, and other stakeholders. They engage in a collaborative process involving public input, data analysis, and coordination with local constituents to ensure the development of planning deliverables that consider the needs of the local population.

MPOs play a crucial role in ensuring that transportation planning aligns with federal regulations, such as the transportation planning requirements of the Metropolitan Transportation Planning process outlined in 23 CFR 450. By coordinating transportation investments and addressing regional priorities, MPOs help enhance mobility, manage congestion, and support the overall development of the metropolitan area’s transportation system.

MPOs are formally designated by agreement between the Governor and local governments that together represent at least 75 percent of the affected population including the largest incorporated city, based on population. MPO boundaries are reviewed after each census to determine if existing boundaries meet the minimum statutory requirements for new and updated urbanized area(s).

An urbanized area with a population over 200,000, as defined by the Bureau of the Census and designated by the Secretary of the United States Department of Transportation (US DOT), is defined as a Transportation Management Area (TMA). MPOs located within a TMA are charged with developing additional planning products in recognition of the greater complexity of transportation challenges that are inherently present in large urban areas. The structure and roles of TMAs are more fully described in 23 CFR 450.310(d).

Delaware contains three MPOs within its boundaries:

• Wilmington Area Planning Council (WILMAPCO) covering New Castle County, Delaware and Cecil County Maryland,
• Dover/ Kent MPO covering Kent County, and
• Salisbury/ Wicomico MPO covering portions of Sussex County.

Additionally, WILMAPCO is also considered a TMA.

2.1.1.2 Regional Transportation Planning Organizations (RTPOs) and Local Governments

Regional Transportation Planning Organizations (RTPOs) are comprised of multijurisdictional nonmetropolitan local officials or their designees who volunteer to provide input into the state planning process. RTPOs are established by a state’s Governor to enhance the planning, coordination, and implementation of the statewide planning program with an emphasis on addressing the needs of nonmetropolitan areas of a state. There are currently no RTPOs designated within the State of Delaware.

When an RTPO is not designated for a region, the state is required to consult directly with affected nonmetropolitan local officials to determine projects that may be of regional significance. Additionally, states are required under [CFR 450.210(b)] to have a documented process(es) for cooperating with nonmetropolitan local officials to develop the deliverables described in Section 2.1.4.1 and Section 2.1.4.2. DelDOT’s consultation process is contained within its [Process for Non-Metropolitan Officials] document.

2.1.1.3 Public Transportation Operators

Public transportation operators refer to a public entity or government-approved authority that participates in the continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive transportation planning process and is a recipient of federal funds to provide transportation to the public within a specific area or jurisdiction. These operators can include various types of organizations, such as transit agencies, transportation authorities, or private companies contracted to provide public transportation services. Public transportation operators typically manage and operate various modes of public transportation, including buses, trains, light rail, streetcars, and ferries. The primary objective of a public transportation operator is to provide safe, efficient, and accessible transportation options to the public, helping to reduce traffic congestion, improve air quality, and enhance mobility within communities. These organizations coordinate directly with MPOs to assist in the development of the MPOs required planning deliverables. DelDOT will coordinate with these organizations during the planning process to solicit input as needed. Public transportation operators within Delaware’s boundaries include Delaware Transit Corporation (DTC), Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA), and Cecil Transit.

2.1.1.4 Council on Transportation

The Council on Transportation (COT) serves as an important advisory body, helping to shape transportation policies and plans in Delaware. The COT is responsible for advising the Governor, DelDOT, and other relevant agencies on matters related to transportation. The goal of the COT is to enhance transportation systems, promote economic growth, and improve the overall quality of life for residents and visitors in the State.

The COT is comprised of members appointed by the Governor. The duties of the COT are described in [Del. C § 8409] of the Delaware Code. The COT plays an instrumental role in the development and approval of the planning document deliverables described in Section 2.1.4.1 and Section 2.1.4.2. The specific tasks that the COT performs in the planning process include the following:

• Approve DelDOT’s performance-based criteria which is further described in Section 2.1.2, in accordance with [Del. C § 8419 (1)] and [Del. C § 8419 (2)] of the Delaware Code.
• Hold public meetings in each county to inform the public and solicit comment on the proposed program contained in the federally required Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP). The STIP is commonly referred to in Delaware as the Capital Transportation Plan (CTP).
• Make priority changes to the proposed CTP in an open meeting by documenting the reasons and justifications for the changes. This allowance is provided only after the written public comment period ends.
• Review and approve the Long-Range Transportation Plan, which is further described in Section 2.1.4.1, in accordance with [Del. C § 8419 (3)].
• Approve the CTP before it is sent to the full Delaware General Assembly for approval in accordance with [Del. C § 8409 (b)(3)] of the Delaware Code.

2.1.1.2 Regional Transportation Planning Organizations (RTPOs) and Local Governments

Regional Transportation Planning Organizations (RTPOs) are comprised of multijurisdictional nonmetropolitan local officials or their designees who volunteer to provide input into the state planning process. RTPOs are established by a state’s Governor to enhance the planning, coordination, and implementation of the statewide planning program with an emphasis on addressing the needs of nonmetropolitan areas of a state. There are currently no RTPOs designated within the State of Delaware.

When an RTPO is not designated for a region, the state is required to consult directly with affected nonmetropolitan local officials to determine projects that may be of regional significance. Additionally, states are required under 23 CFR 450.210(b) to have a documented process(es) for cooperating with nonmetropolitan local officials to develop the deliverables described in Section 2.1.4.1 and Section 2.1.4.2. DelDOT’s consultation process is contained within its Consultation Process for Non-Metropolitan Officials document.

2.1.1.3 Public Transportation Operators

Public transportation operators refer to a public entity or government-approved authority that participates in the continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive transportation planning process and is a recipient of federal funds to provide transportation to the public within a specific area or jurisdiction. These operators can include various types of organizations, such as transit agencies, transportation authorities, or private companies contracted to provide public transportation services. Public transportation operators typically manage and operate various modes of public transportation, including buses, trains, light rail, streetcars, and ferries. The primary objective of a public transportation operator is to provide safe, efficient, and accessible transportation options to the public, helping to reduce traffic congestion, improve air quality, and enhance mobility within communities. These organizations coordinate directly with MPOs to assist in the development of the MPOs required planning deliverables. DelDOT will coordinate with these organizations during the planning process to solicit input as needed. Public transportation operators within Delaware’s boundaries include Delaware Transit Corporation (DTC), Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA), and Cecil Transit.

2.1.1.4 Council on Transportation

The Council on Transportation (COT) serves as an important advisory body, helping to shape transportation policies and plans in Delaware. The COT is responsible for advising the Governor, DelDOT, and other relevant agencies on matters related to transportation. The goal of the COT is to enhance transportation systems, promote economic growth, and improve the overall quality of life for residents and visitors in the State.

The COT is comprised of members appointed by the Governor. The duties of the COT are described in 29 Del. C § 8409 of the Delaware Code. The COT plays an instrumental role in the development and approval of the planning document deliverables described in Section 2.1.4.1 and Section 2.1.4.2. The specific tasks that the COT performs in the planning process include the following:

• Approve DelDOT’s performance-based criteria which is further described in Section 2.1.2, in accordance with 29 Del. C § 8419 (1) and 29 Del. C § 8419 (2) of the Delaware Code.
• Hold public meetings in each county to inform the public and solicit comment on the proposed program contained in the federally required Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP). The STIP is commonly referred to in Delaware as the Capital Transportation Plan (CTP).
• Make priority changes to the proposed CTP in an open meeting by documenting the reasons and justifications for the changes. This allowance is provided only after the written public comment period ends.
• Review and approve the Long-Range Transportation Plan, which is further described in Section 2.1.4.1, in accordance with 29 Del. C § 8419 (3).
• Approve the CTP before it is sent to the full Delaware General Assembly for approval in accordance with 29 Del. C § 8409 (b)(3) of the Delaware Code.

2.1.2 Performance-Based Approach

Department Resources

DelDOT Project Prioritization Criteria

Performance-based prioritization involves evaluating and selecting projects based on measurable criteria. The criteria may include: the condition of existing assets, their expected performance, cost-effectiveness, and the overall benefit to the transportation system and users. States are required to employ a performance-based approach to the transportation planning process in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 135(d)(2) and 23 CFR 450.206(c) to achieve a planning process that considers the factors described in 23 U.S.C. 135(d)(1) and 23 CFR 450.206(a). Additionally, 29 Del. C § 8419 (1) and 29 Del. C § 8419 (2) of the Delaware Code requires the adoption of a formula-based process for setting priorities on DelDOT transportation projects. This approach helps ensure that funding resources are allocated to projects that provide the greatest overall value while addressing critical needs.

DelDOT currently uses a software called “Decision-Lens” to ensure the development of a performance and formula-based program. DelDOT’s prioritization process is more fully described within its Project Prioritization Criteria summary document.

There are several projects and programs that are not included within the formula-based ranking system. However, they are prioritized within each of their funding programs based on performance-based criteria that ensures those assets are restored, rehabilitated, and/or maintained in a state of good repair. The projects and programs not included in the formula-based prioritization process include:

1. Projects that represent system preservation are excluded from the formula-based prioritization process per 29 Del. C § 8419 (2)(b) of the Delaware Code. These projects are designated as State of Good Repair (SOGR) projects. In accordance with 23 CFR 667, State of Good Repair projects aim to preserve existing assets in a condition that meets or improves their performance and safety standards. These projects typically focus on preserving the condition and functionality of highways, bridges, tunnels, transit systems, and other transportation facilities.
2. Projects and programs that receive a dedicated funding source from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) or Federal Transit Administration (FTA) that can only be spent on those specific types of projects.
3. Projects and programs that provide the ability to make small improvements that allow for the improved management and operation of the system.
4. Projects that are mandated for DelDOT to complete either through a regulatory requirement, contractual obligation, legislative action, or a judicial action.

2.1.1 Contributing Organizations

DelDOT is charged with overseeing the entire statewide transportation planning process and for producing the deliverables that are described in Section 2.1.2. Continuous collaboration and coordination are required throughout the planning process to ensure effective constituent involvement. The regulatory requirements of the collaboration required in the planning process is explicitly defined in 23 CFR 450.208. This subsection identifies and further describes the role of organizations that are directly involved in DelDOT’s planning process.

2.1.1.1 Metropolitan Planning Organizations

A Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is a regional agency responsible for transportation planning in metropolitan areas with populations over 50,000, as determined by the United States Census. MPOs are required for urbanized areas to ensure a coordinated and comprehensive approach to transportation planning and decision-making. Accordingly, MPOs play an instrumental role in the planning process.

MPOs have a governing board composed of representatives from local governments, transit agencies, and other stakeholders. They engage in a collaborative process involving public input, data analysis, and coordination with local constituents to ensure the development of planning deliverables that consider the needs of the local population.

MPOs play a crucial role in ensuring that transportation planning aligns with federal regulations, such as the transportation planning requirements of the Metropolitan Transportation Planning process outlined in 23 CFR 450. By coordinating transportation investments and addressing regional priorities, MPOs help enhance mobility, manage congestion, and support the overall development of the metropolitan area’s transportation system.

MPOs are formally designated by agreement between the Governor and local governments that together represent at least 75 percent of the affected population including the largest incorporated city, based on population. MPO boundaries are reviewed after each census to determine if existing boundaries meet the minimum statutory requirements for new and updated urbanized area(s).

An urbanized area with a population over 200,000, as defined by the Bureau of the Census and designated by the Secretary of the United States Department of Transportation (US DOT), is defined as a Transportation Management Area (TMA). MPOs located within a TMA are charged with developing additional planning products in recognition of the greater complexity of transportation challenges that are inherently present in large urban areas. The structure and roles of TMAs are more fully described in 23 CFR 450.310(d).

Delaware contains three MPOs within its boundaries:

• Wilmington Area Planning Council (WILMAPCO) covering New Castle County, Delaware and Cecil County Maryland,
• Dover/ Kent MPO covering Kent County, and
• Salisbury/ Wicomico MPO covering portions of Sussex County.

Additionally, WILMAPCO is also considered a TMA.

2.1.1.2 Regional Transportation Planning Organizations (RTPOs) and Local Governments

Regional Transportation Planning Organizations (RTPOs) are comprised of multijurisdictional nonmetropolitan local officials or their designees who volunteer to provide input into the state planning process. RTPOs are established by a state’s Governor to enhance the planning, coordination, and implementation of the statewide planning program with an emphasis on addressing the needs of nonmetropolitan areas of a state. There are currently no RTPOs designated within the State of Delaware.

When an RTPO is not designated for a region, the state is required to consult directly with affected nonmetropolitan local officials to determine projects that may be of regional significance. Additionally, states are required under [CFR 450.210(b)] to have a documented process(es) for cooperating with nonmetropolitan local officials to develop the deliverables described in Section 2.1.4.1 and Section 2.1.4.2. DelDOT’s consultation process is contained within its [Process for Non-Metropolitan Officials] document.

2.1.1.3 Public Transportation Operators

Public transportation operators refer to a public entity or government-approved authority that participates in the continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive transportation planning process and is a recipient of federal funds to provide transportation to the public within a specific area or jurisdiction. These operators can include various types of organizations, such as transit agencies, transportation authorities, or private companies contracted to provide public transportation services. Public transportation operators typically manage and operate various modes of public transportation, including buses, trains, light rail, streetcars, and ferries. The primary objective of a public transportation operator is to provide safe, efficient, and accessible transportation options to the public, helping to reduce traffic congestion, improve air quality, and enhance mobility within communities. These organizations coordinate directly with MPOs to assist in the development of the MPOs required planning deliverables. DelDOT will coordinate with these organizations during the planning process to solicit input as needed. Public transportation operators within Delaware’s boundaries include Delaware Transit Corporation (DTC), Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA), and Cecil Transit.

2.1.1.4 Council on Transportation

The Council on Transportation (COT) serves as an important advisory body, helping to shape transportation policies and plans in Delaware. The COT is responsible for advising the Governor, DelDOT, and other relevant agencies on matters related to transportation. The goal of the COT is to enhance transportation systems, promote economic growth, and improve the overall quality of life for residents and visitors in the State.

The COT is comprised of members appointed by the Governor. The duties of the COT are described in [Del. C § 8409] of the Delaware Code. The COT plays an instrumental role in the development and approval of the planning document deliverables described in Section 2.1.4.1 and Section 2.1.4.2. The specific tasks that the COT performs in the planning process include the following:

• Approve DelDOT’s performance-based criteria which is further described in Section 2.1.2, in accordance with [Del. C § 8419 (1)] and [Del. C § 8419 (2)] of the Delaware Code.
• Hold public meetings in each county to inform the public and solicit comment on the proposed program contained in the federally required Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP). The STIP is commonly referred to in Delaware as the Capital Transportation Plan (CTP).
• Make priority changes to the proposed CTP in an open meeting by documenting the reasons and justifications for the changes. This allowance is provided only after the written public comment period ends.
• Review and approve the Long-Range Transportation Plan, which is further described in Section 2.1.4.1, in accordance with [Del. C § 8419 (3)].
• Approve the CTP before it is sent to the full Delaware General Assembly for approval in accordance with [Del. C § 8409 (b)(3)] of the Delaware Code.

2.1.1.2 Regional Transportation Planning Organizations (RTPOs) and Local Governments

Regional Transportation Planning Organizations (RTPOs) are comprised of multijurisdictional nonmetropolitan local officials or their designees who volunteer to provide input into the state planning process. RTPOs are established by a state’s Governor to enhance the planning, coordination, and implementation of the statewide planning program with an emphasis on addressing the needs of nonmetropolitan areas of a state. There are currently no RTPOs designated within the State of Delaware.

When an RTPO is not designated for a region, the state is required to consult directly with affected nonmetropolitan local officials to determine projects that may be of regional significance. Additionally, states are required under 23 CFR 450.210(b) to have a documented process(es) for cooperating with nonmetropolitan local officials to develop the deliverables described in Section 2.1.4.1 and Section 2.1.4.2. DelDOT’s consultation process is contained within its Consultation Process for Non-Metropolitan Officials document.

2.1.1.3 Public Transportation Operators

Public transportation operators refer to a public entity or government-approved authority that participates in the continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive transportation planning process and is a recipient of federal funds to provide transportation to the public within a specific area or jurisdiction. These operators can include various types of organizations, such as transit agencies, transportation authorities, or private companies contracted to provide public transportation services. Public transportation operators typically manage and operate various modes of public transportation, including buses, trains, light rail, streetcars, and ferries. The primary objective of a public transportation operator is to provide safe, efficient, and accessible transportation options to the public, helping to reduce traffic congestion, improve air quality, and enhance mobility within communities. These organizations coordinate directly with MPOs to assist in the development of the MPOs required planning deliverables. DelDOT will coordinate with these organizations during the planning process to solicit input as needed. Public transportation operators within Delaware’s boundaries include Delaware Transit Corporation (DTC), Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA), and Cecil Transit.

2.1.1.4 Council on Transportation

The Council on Transportation (COT) serves as an important advisory body, helping to shape transportation policies and plans in Delaware. The COT is responsible for advising the Governor, DelDOT, and other relevant agencies on matters related to transportation. The goal of the COT is to enhance transportation systems, promote economic growth, and improve the overall quality of life for residents and visitors in the State.

The COT is comprised of members appointed by the Governor. The duties of the COT are described in 29 Del. C § 8409 of the Delaware Code. The COT plays an instrumental role in the development and approval of the planning document deliverables described in Section 2.1.4.1 and Section 2.1.4.2. The specific tasks that the COT performs in the planning process include the following:

• Approve DelDOT’s performance-based criteria which is further described in Section 2.1.2, in accordance with 29 Del. C § 8419 (1) and 29 Del. C § 8419 (2) of the Delaware Code.
• Hold public meetings in each county to inform the public and solicit comment on the proposed program contained in the federally required Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP). The STIP is commonly referred to in Delaware as the Capital Transportation Plan (CTP).
• Make priority changes to the proposed CTP in an open meeting by documenting the reasons and justifications for the changes. This allowance is provided only after the written public comment period ends.
• Review and approve the Long-Range Transportation Plan, which is further described in Section 2.1.4.1, in accordance with 29 Del. C § 8419 (3).
• Approve the CTP before it is sent to the full Delaware General Assembly for approval in accordance with 29 Del. C § 8409 (b)(3) of the Delaware Code.

2.1.2 Performance-Based Approach

Performance-based prioritization involves evaluating and selecting projects based on measurable criteria. The criteria may include: the condition of existing assets, their expected performance, cost-effectiveness, and the overall benefit to the transportation system and users. States are required to employ a performance-based approach to the transportation planning process in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 135(d)(2) and 23 CFR 450.206(c) to achieve a planning process that considers the factors described in 23 U.S.C. 135(d)(1) and 23 CFR 450.206(a). Additionally, 29 Del. C § 8419 (1) and 29 Del. C § 8419 (2) of the Delaware Code requires the adoption of a formula-based process for setting priorities on DelDOT transportation projects. This approach helps ensure that funding resources are allocated to projects that provide the greatest overall value while addressing critical needs.

DelDOT currently uses a software called “Decision-Lens” to ensure the development of a performance and formula-based program. DelDOT’s prioritization process is more fully described within its Project Prioritization Criteria summary document.

There are several projects and programs that are not included within the formula-based ranking system. However, they are prioritized within each of their funding programs based on performance-based criteria that ensures those assets are restored, rehabilitated, and/or maintained in a state of good repair. The projects and programs not included in the formula-based prioritization process include:

1. Projects that represent system preservation are excluded from the formula-based prioritization process per 29 Del. C § 8419 (2)(b) of the Delaware Code. These projects are designated as State of Good Repair (SOGR) projects. In accordance with 23 CFR 667, State of Good Repair projects aim to preserve existing assets in a condition that meets or improves their performance and safety standards. These projects typically focus on preserving the condition and functionality of highways, bridges, tunnels, transit systems, and other transportation facilities.
2. Projects and programs that receive a dedicated funding source from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) or Federal Transit Administration (FTA) that can only be spent on those specific types of projects.
3. Projects and programs that provide the ability to make small improvements that allow for the improved management and operation of the system.
4. Projects that are mandated for DelDOT to complete either through a regulatory requirement, contractual obligation, legislative action, or a judicial action.

2.1.3 Public Involvement

The planning process ultimately establishes the transportation priorities which will shape the community for years to come. Accordingly, ensuring effective public involvement throughout the planning process is of paramount importance to guaranteeing all interested parties are afforded an opportunity to participate in the decision-making which will directly impact them. For this reason, states are required to engage in planning processes that create opportunities for public involvement, participation, and consultation in accordance with 23 CFR 450.210. To ensure a proactive and well-thought-out public involvement strategy, states are required to develop a documented public involvement process that provides opportunities for public review and comment at key decision points. The requirements of the public involvement process are established in 23 CFR 450.210(a)(1). Additional information about DelDOT’s public engagement strategies can be found in Section 5.1 and are additionally detailed in DelDOT Policy Implement O-003 entitled 'Public Involvement Policy'. DelDOT is required to review and solicit comments on its public involvement process at least once every 5-years in accordance with 23 CFR 450.210(b)(1).

2.1.4 Deliverables

When performed properly, planning products serve as a foundational element in the DelDOT project development process and can even be used in a project’s eventual NEPA documentation. Though the DelDOT Division of Planning creates many planning products, this section is intended to only describe the minimum planning process deliverables required per 23 CFR 450 and 29 Chapter 84 of the Delaware Code. [Chapter 2 - Project Origination and Planning#Programs Generating DelDOT Projects|Section 2.2] more fully describes the planning processes and other DelDOT programs that generate projects. Additionally, this section does not fully describe the planning process deliverables that planning organizations outside of DelDOT are responsible for.

2.1.4.1 Long-Range Transportation Plan

States are required to prepare a statewide Long-Range Transportation Plan that provides for the development and implementation of a multimodal transportation system with a minimum 20-year forecast period at the time of adoption in accordance with 23 CFR 450.216 and 29 Del. C § 8419 (3) of the Delaware Code. Similarly, MPOs are required to prepare a minimum 20-year forecast planning document entitled a Metropolitan Transportation Plan in accordance with 23 CFR 450.324. The Long-Range Transportation Plan is intended to guide DelDOT in creating principles, policies, and performance measures with the ultimate aim to achieve the State’s long-range economic, transportation, development, and sustainability goals. DelDOT’s current Long-Range Transportation Plan was approved in December of 2019 and is entitled “Innovation in Motion”. Additionally, a Long Range Plan Full Document.pdf supplemental report was published in 2020.

2.1.4.2 Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP)

The STIP, which is commonly referred to in Delaware as the CTP, is required in accordance with 23 CFR 450.218 and 29 Del. C § 8401 (b)(6) of the Delaware Code. The STIP is a staged, multi-year, statewide intermodal program comprised of transportation projects and programs that are consistent with the Long-Range Transportation Plan. The CTP can be viewed as the culmination of the statewide planning process. The CTP serves to program planned expenditures by fiscal year and by project phase for capital projects. The FHWA and FTA require that the STIP cover a period of 4-years and be updated at least every 4-years; however, Delaware Code requires that the CTP cover 6-years and be updated at least every 2-years. MPOs are required by 23 CFR 450.326 to develop a Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP) that covers a period of 4-years and be updated at least every 4- years. The MPO’s approved TIPs must be included without change either directly or by reference into the STIP. Both the TIP and the STIP must be fiscally constrained meaning that the planned expenditures are to match the expected income.

Projects listed within the CTP must meet the following federal requirements:

• The project must be consistent with the Long-Range Transportation Plan described in Section 2.1.4.1.
• The project must be included within the pertinent MPO’s approved TIP.
• The project must conform with the applicable State air quality Implementation Plan (SIP) if the project is carried out in an area designated as nonattainment for ozone or carbon monoxide. Delaware’s air quality implementation plan was developed in collaboration with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Controls (DNREC) to address air quality standards and achieve or maintain compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

Delaware's air quality implementation plan was developed in collaboration with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Controls (DNREC) to address air quality standards and achieve or maintain compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

The proposed 6‐year CTP is generated early in the program year through coordination with the pertinent contributing organizations identified in Section 2.1.1 and in accordance with the public involvement plan described in Section 2.1.3. The first year of the CTP is reflected in DelDOT’s annual capital budget and is submitted to the State for review and approval. Funding is programmed to various projects and programs in accordance with DelDOT Policy Implement A-33 entitled Infrastructure Project Classification which describes a standardized method of assigning project costs to a proper infrastructure classification in a manner that is compliant with the federal requirements, based on projected state revenues, projected federal funding, as well as the prioritization process described in Section 2.1.2. The draft CTP is then updated through coordination and review efforts as well as when anticipated revenues change. After the public involvement period is complete, the CTP is approved by the COT in accordance with 29 Del. C § 8409 (b)(3) of the Delaware Code and then sent to the Governor for inclusion in the State Capital Improvement Program. The CTP is then submitted concurrently to the FHWA and the FTA for joint approval. At the time of the submittal, DelDOT is required to certify that the transportation planning process is being carried out in accordance with all applicable federal requirements contained in 23 CFR 450.220(a). The FHWA and the FTA will review the STIP and make a joint finding on the extent to which the STIP is based on a statewide transportation planning process that meets or substantially meets the federal requirements. Once approved, changes to the STIP may require public review and comment and may require formal federal approval. The process for updating the STIP is discussed in more detail in Section 5.8.1.1 TBD. The CTP process is more fully described at DelDOT’s CTP informational website.

Federal approval of the CTP allows DelDOT to proceed with authorization of federal funds for highway and transit projects. Projects not included in the federally approved CTP will not be eligible for federal funding.

2.2 Programs Generating DelDOT Projects

DelDOT is tasked with planning, constructing, and then maintaining an intricate and interdependent multi-modal transportation network throughout the State as established in 29 Del. C. § 8401(b) of the Delaware Code. To facilitate efficient performance of its designated responsibilities, DelDOT has divided and assigned specific duties amongst entities across DelDOT which each have their own unique process for generating and prioritizing projects. This section defines the programs and the processes that are used to generate DelDOT transportation projects.

All DelDOT projects must be included on the CTP as either a standalone line item or as a project included under a program line of the CTP, otherwise known as a “grouped project”. Specific projects within program lines are typically relatively inexpensive improvements compared to standalone CTP projects. Group projects are usually $5,000,000.00 or less and always $10,000,000.00 or less, except for rare bridge projects. While the program lines are included in and approved as part of the CTP document, specific projects do not go through this process. Each grouped project must go through its own unique public involvement process, as appropriate.

2.2.1 Entities Outside of DelDOT

DelDOT may develop projects that are originated by entities outside of the Department.

2.2.1.1 MPO Planning Studies

DelDOT provides annual pass-through funding from the FHWA and FTA to the MPOs within its boundaries. With this funding, MPOs perform a variety of studies that examine travel and transportation issues and needs in the geographic area it represents. The planning studies that the MPO performs directly contribute to the deliverables the MPO is responsible for creating, including its TIP which must be included without modification into DelDOT’s STIP. Additional information on planning standards is included in Section 2.1.

2.2.1.2 Studies Generated by a Third Party

Various transportation organizations, advocacy groups, or citizens outside of DelDOT and the MPOs can submit study results or project ideas for nomination as a project in the CTP.

2.2.1.3 Projects Mandated to Complete

DelDOT may be required to generate and complete certain projects either through regulatory requirements, contractual obligations, legislative actions, or judicial actions. The following is an incomplete list of example mechanisms that can generate DelDOT mandated projects:

• Projects or actions specifically listed in the Bond Bill,
• Projects required to satisfy DelDOT’s MS4 permit issued through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and/or Industrial permits issued by the DNREC, and
• Projects required to create, enhance, or preserve environmental mitigation sites created to offset capital project actions.

2.2.2 Division of Planning

DelDOT’s Division of Planning is tasked with performing a comprehensive and inclusive transportation planning process that seeks solutions to the State’s transportation needs by balancing safety, choice, environmental stewardship, economic development, financial accountability, and quality of life. To this end, DelDOT’s Division of Planning will perform planning level studies in agreement with the goals and strategies within DelDOT’s Long-Range Transportation Plan to support the creation of transportation plans for regions and communities in the State of Delaware. Specific planning projects for study are selected with the concurrence of the Secretary of Transportation throughout the year based on the demands placed on the Department by local needs. Other sections within DelDOT may additionally perform planning level studies which may become eventual projects. The Division of Planning also maintains several specific planning programs further described within the following subsections that may generate DelDOT projects.

2.2.2.1 Corridor Capacity Preservation

The Corridor Capacity Preservation Program is established in 17 Del. C § 145 of the Delaware Code. The program performs transportation studies and develops plans with the goal of delaying future transportation network expansion. The program’s focus is to establish development strategies and identify future system expansion in ways that preserve quality of life. As part of the program, DelDOT can purchase property access rights, development rights, or properties in whole, to make needed transportation improvements or preserve the corridor's capacity. The program may also include the recommendation of individual improvements such as frontage roads, intersection improvements, or overpasses.

The Corridor Capacity Preservation Program has five main goals:

1. Maintain a road's ability to handle traffic efficiently and safely,
2. Minimize the transportation impacts of increased economic growth,
3. Preserve the ability to make future transportation-related improvements as needed,
4. Prevent the need to build an entirely new road, and
5. Sort local and through traffic.

Four corridor capacity corridors have currently been approved:

• SR 48 from Hercules Road to SR 41 (2 miles),
• US 13 from the Maryland line to SR 10 in Camden (46 miles),
• US 113 from the Maryland line to Milford (33 miles), and
• SR 1 from Nassau to the Dover Air Force Base (31 miles).

2.2.2.2 Multi-Modal Program

DelDOT’s Active Transportation & Community Connections (ATCC) section maintains multiple programs which generate DelDOT projects that mainly focus on the multi-modal facilities in the State.

2.2.2.2.1 Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP Program)

Department Resources

Documents DelDOT TAP Program

DelDOT Byways Program

DelDOT Safe Routes to School Program

Department Resources
Documents DelDOT TAP Program
DelDOT Byways Program
DelDOT Safe Routes to School Program

The Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP Program) is a federal program administered by the FHWA that is implemented at the local level by the states. The TAP Program is a key program for helping states build complete streets that are safe for all users and achieve safe, connected, and equitable on and off-road networks. The TAP Program was initially created through the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) as the Transportation Enhancements Program but was later renamed to the Transportation Alternatives Program in 2012 under the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21). The TAP Program selects projects for funding through a selection process that includes, but is not limited to, transportation equity and service to disadvantaged communities, safety, ADA improvement needs, public support, connectivity, proximity to public transit and community amenities, community enhancement, level of bike stress, and environmental improvement. The TAP Program funds activities encompassing a variety of small-scale transportation projects such as: